Category: News

Intecrowd Launches Charitable Donations App to Streamline Employee Giving in Workday

Empowering Employees, Centralizing Contributions, and Strengthening Giving Programs

Intecrowd, a leading Workday Services partner, is proud to introduce the Charitable Donations App, now available on the Workday Marketplace. This solution enables organizations to bring employee giving directly into Workday, creating a simple, centralized way for workers to support approved charitable organizations while maintaining administrative oversight and visibility.

Simplifying Employee Giving Through Workday

Managing employee donations outside of core systems often creates fragmented tracking, limited visibility, and additional administrative effort. The Charitable Donations App addresses these challenges by allowing employees to submit and manage charitable contributions directly within Workday, while giving administrators full control over approved charities and supporting content.

Key Features & Benefits:

  • Employee Donation Management – Employees can submit one-time or recurring donations directly to approved charities within Workday.
  • Donation History Tracking – Each employee has access to a clear record of their past contributions over time.
  • Charity Administration – Administrators can manage charity listings, upload logos, and maintain supporting documentation to ensure accurate and up-to-date information.
  • Dashboard Insights – Built-in reporting provides visibility into the most supported charities across the organization.
  • Home Page Integration – A dedicated Workday home page card surfaces active donations for quick and easy access.

Availability and Next Steps

The Charitable Donations App is now available on the Workday Marketplace.

Contact us to learn more or request a demo.

Intecrowd Named Workday Partner of the Year for AI Excellence

Intecrowd is proud to have been recognized as the Workday Partner of the Year for AI Excellence at Workday SKO FY27.

This recognition reflects the innovation, collaboration, and commitment our team brings to helping customers realize the value of AI within their Workday environments. From intelligent automation to practical AI-driven solutions, we focus on delivering meaningful, measurable outcomes.

Don McDougal, Founder and CEO of Intecrowd, shared:
“We are delighted and honored to receive the Partner of the Year for AI Excellence award from Workday. This recognition is especially meaningful because Workday’s leadership in ERP and AI aligns so closely with Intecrowd’s strategy and long-standing commitment to helping customers realize the value of AI within Workday.”

We appreciate Workday’s recognition and our continued partnership with customers as we expand what’s possible with AI in Workday.

UST Acquires Award-Winning Workday Partner Intecrowd

Aliso Viejo, CA; 7 April 2026: UST, a leading AI and technology transformation solutions company, has acquired Intecrowd LLC (Intecrowd), a globally recognized boutique Workday Partner specializing in strategic deployments and full lifecycle support for Workday solutions. This strategic move will improve UST’s ability to meet the needs of its global client base while also expanding its portfolio in the dynamic Workday ecosystem. Acquiring Intecrowd strengthens UST’s position in the Workday market and enhances its ability to deliver innovative, AI-powered solutions at scale.

As part of UST’s strategy to expand its enterprise application capabilities and deliver its SaaS++ value proposition to Global 2000 customers, the acquisition of Intecrowd significantly strengthens the company’s Workday services. Intecrowd’s proven, Workday-certified implementation expertise complements UST’s global scale to enable faster deployments, continuous optimization, and more measurable outcomes. The two companies will accelerate time-to-value by combining implementation excellence with AI-ready data foundations, intelligent automation, and AI-driven solutions, which will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their service delivery to clients.

Founded in 2014 and headquartered in Lake Worth, Florida, USA, Intecrowd, with over 250 employees in the US, India, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Poland, Germany, and the UK, is a globally respected leader in Workday services. Its exclusive focus on Workday has earned the company a reputation for excellence, reinforced by strong client retention and a consistent track record of delivering high-quality outcomes.

As a full-service Workday partner, Intecrowd provides end-to-end capabilities across Workday Human Capital Management (HCM), Workday Financial Management, and Workday Extend. Intecrowd is also one of the first Workday partners authorized to build applications using Workday Extend. The company has twice won the Workday Hackathon for its development of advanced solutions. Intecrowd earned a Responsible AI Badge for its AI Translation Generator app and was recently named 2026 Workday Partner of the Year for AI Excellence. Intecrowd further enhances customer outcomes through AI-driven deployment accelerators, advanced analytics, and proprietary built on Workday apps that reduce implementation time and cost while unlocking actionable insights. 

The acquisition of Intecrowd aligns with UST’s inorganic growth strategy to build depth in key service offerings. Strengthening our Workday capabilities supports our focus on domain‑led AI solutions and innovation across our service lines. By bringing this expertise into UST’s global operating model, we are creating a scalable platform that supports efficient growth and long‑term value creation,” said Vijay Padmanabhan, Chief Financial Officer, UST.

“Intecrowd’s unwavering dedication to excellent service for the Workday platform has made it a leader in this critical ecosystem. The integration of Intecrowd into our Business Application portfolio is strategically aligned with Workday’s accelerating market momentum and its forward-looking innovation, especially in the area of artificial intelligence. This acquisition empowers UST to better meet global client needs in an ever-evolving technology landscape,” said Kailash Attal, Chief Solutions Officer, UST.

“We are delighted to join UST. By combining UST’s scale and AI leadership with Intecrowd’s deep expertise in Workday, we are creating one of the world’s leading Workday partners. As Workday continues to lead in enterprise AI, we are well-positioned to accelerate AI adoption to drive HR and finance gains across our global customer base,” said Don McDougal, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Intecrowd.

Clearsight Advisors acted as the financial advisor to Intecrowd LLC.

Workday © and the Workday logo are trademarks of Workday, Inc. All brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

About UST

Since 1999, UST has worked side by side with the world’s best companies to make a powerful impact through transformation. Powered by technology, driven by AI, inspired by people, and led by our purpose, we partner with our clients from design to operation. Our AI-driven digital solutions, proprietary platforms, engineering, R&D, products, and innovation ecosystem turn core challenges into impactful, disruptive solutions. With deep industry knowledge and a future-ready mindset, we infuse expertise, innovation, and agility into our clients’ organizations—delivering measurable value and positive lasting change for them, their customers, and communities around the world. Together, with 30,000+ employees in 30+ countries, we build for boundless impact—touching billions of lives in the process. Visit us at www.UST.com.

Media Contacts, UST:

Tinu Cherian Abraham
+1 (949) 415-9857 (US)
+91-7899045194 (India)

Merrick Laravea
+1 (949) 416-6212

Neha Misri
+44-7341787926

Roshni Das K
+91 7736795557

SomSekhar CV
 +91-9037888244
media.relations@ust.com

Media Contacts, U.S.
S&C PR
+1-646.941.9139
media@scprgroup.com

Makovsky
ust@makovsky.com


Media Contacts, India:

ust@adfactorspr.com

Media Contacts, U.K.:
FTI Consulting
UST@fticonsulting.com

Media Contacts, Spain:
Noizze Media
Carmen Tapia / Ricardo Schell
ctapia@noizzemedia.com / ricardo.schell@noizzemedia.com

Intecrowd Launches Tuition Reimbursement App to Simplify Education Benefits and Ensure IRS Compliance in Workday

Intecrowd, a leading Workday Services Partner, has launched the Tuition Reimbursement App, now available on the Workday Marketplace. This Built on Workday solution automates tuition reimbursement requests, approvals, and payments while ensuring compliance with IRS tax limits.

Automating Education Benefits with Confidence

Managing tuition reimbursements manually can be both time-consuming and prone to errors. Intecrowd’s Tuition Reimbursement App simplifies this process by enabling employees to submit requests and supporting documents directly within Workday, while HR and Payroll teams benefit from automated workflows, tax enforcement, and integrated dashboards.

Key Features & Benefits:

  • Automated Business Process – Streamlines HR, manager, and payroll approvals.
  • IRS $5,250 Non-Taxable Limit Enforcement – Automatically splits taxable and non-taxable payments through orchestration.
  • Configurable Program Types – Tailor reimbursement categories and approval paths.
  • Visibility & Control – Dashboards for tracking requests, program types, and One-Time Payments.

Driving Efficiency and Compliance

“Intecrowd’s Tuition Reimbursement App helps organizations deliver employee education benefits seamlessly within Workday,” said Don McDougal, CEO at Intecrowd. “By automating the process and ensuring compliance, HR teams can focus more on supporting employee growth and less on administrative work.”

Availability and Next Steps

The Tuition Reimbursement app is now available in the Workday Marketplace.

Contact us to learn more or request a demo.

Intecrowd Launches Timesheet Assistant App to Automate Time Tracking and Reduce Administrative Burden in Workday

Intecrowd, a leading Workday Services Partner, has launched the Timesheet Assistant App, now available on the Workday Marketplace. This Built on Workday (BoW) solution uses AI-powered automation to simplify time tracking by automatically generating timesheets based on employee calendars, shift schedules, and project allocations, reclaiming hundreds of thousands of dollars* in annual productivity with a digital worker that saves time for every employee.

Reimagining Time Entry with AI

Manually entering time is inefficient and time-consuming. Timesheet Assistant removes this burden by using AI to infer time blocks from meetings, responsibilities, and planned work—automating compliant time entry directly within Workday. Employees retain full control to review and edit entries before submission, improving both accuracy and experience.

Key Features & Benefits:

  • AI-Generated Timesheets – Automatically draft Workday-compliant time entries using meeting, calendar, and project data
  • Human-Centric Oversight – Employees review, edit, and approve timesheets as needed
  • Customizable & Secure – Tailor the logic and deploy in your own AWS environment
  • Reduced Administrative Burden – Free up time for higher-value work and improve employee experience

Proven ROI: Real Time & Cost Savings

Timesheet Assistant delivers measurable impact. Just 15 minutes saved per employee, per week, can translate to massive productivity gains:

  • 1,000 employees = up to $845,000/year saved
  • 10,000 employees = up to $8.4 million/year saved

*In many cases, the savings from Timesheet Assistant can offset the cost of your entire Workday subscription.

Availability and Next Steps

The Timesheet Assistant app is now available in the Workday Marketplace.

Contact us to learn more or request a demo.

Maximize Your Workday Help Investment: Unlocking Advanced Case Management Capabilities

Workday Help isn’t just a ticketing system—it’s a strategic tool to centralize employee support, streamline HR operations, and automate everyday service requests.

Many organizations use the standard case submission features, but Workday Help also includes powerful, underused capabilities like business process case creation, email ingestion, and message templates. These tools enable faster resolution times, improved service team efficiency, and a more seamless experience for employees, all within Workday.

The Role of Workday Help in People Experience

Workday Help falls under the People Experience (PE) umbrella, which also includes features like Workday Home, Assistant, and Everywhere. These are included in your core Workday subscription, while tools like Workday Journeys and Workday Help are sold separately.

Within Workday Help, there are two key components:

  • Knowledge Management: A searchable library of help articles to guide employees through common questions or tasks.
  • Case Management: A native ticketing system that allows employees to submit requests and HR teams to resolve them within Workday.

Together, these features reduce reliance on email, improve visibility, and ensure consistent support experiences.

Smarter Case Deflection with Knowledge Management

Before an employee even submits a case, Workday Help uses machine learning to surface relevant knowledge articles in real time. These suggested articles appear as soon as a user begins typing a case title, helping to deflect tickets and promote self-service.

Employees still needing help can fill out a structured form, ensuring the HR team receives complete, actionable information to begin resolution immediately.

Automating Case Creation via Business Processes

One of the most effective yet underutilized capabilities in Workday Help is the ability to create cases automatically from any business process (BP). By inserting a “Create Case” service step into a BP, organizations can generate a help case based on a specific event or condition.

How It Works:

  • The case can be assigned to the affected employee.
  • You can specify routing rules using case type.
  • Titles and descriptions can be static or dynamically generated.
  • You choose whether the BP continues or pauses until the case is resolved.

Use Case Example: Leave of Absence

When an employee’s leave request is approved by HR, Workday can:

  • Automatically create a help case.
  • Assign it to the requesting employee.
  • Route it to the benefits team with pre-filled context about the leave.

This streamlines communication and ensures key follow-up tasks are tracked within Workday.

Other Use Cases:

  • Job Requisitions: Collaborate on comp requirements as roles are posted.
  • Onboarding: Trigger IT access or equipment requests from onboarding workflows.
  • Offboarding: Automatically flag badge returns, system access removal, or benefit communications.
  • Contractor Management: Track off-platform actions like contract processing or background checks.

If you’re still managing follow-ups manually or outside the system, this functionality can significantly improve visibility and accountability.

Enable Simple Case Creation with Email Ingestion

Another practical way to enhance Workday Help is through email ingestion, which allows employees—or even external users—to create and respond to cases via email.

Key Benefits:

  • Familiar experience: Workers can simply send an email to a configured Workday address.
  • No login required: Employees can receive and respond to case updates directly from their inbox.
  • One centralized workspace: Case solvers manage all responses within Workday, without toggling between platforms.

You can configure separate domains for:

  • Case creation
  • Case replies

Workday also provides a pre-built report that logs email ingestions, including successes, failures, and sender details, helping teams monitor usage and catch any issues.

Security Considerations:
You can control who can create cases via email, such as limiting it to employees and contingent workers, and even filter email traffic before it reaches Workday using an external triage inbox.

Speed Up Communication with Message Templates

While not a method of case creation, Help Case Message Templates are another valuable tool for standardizing responses and speeding up resolution.

These templates allow case solvers to insert pre-written responses into a case with one click. Templates can include:

  • Static or dynamic text fields
  • Linked Knowledge articles or tasks
  • File attachments like PDFs or FAQs

For example, a template for employee exits might read:

“We’re sorry to hear you’re leaving. Attached is our FAQ outlining next steps.”

Only specific service teams can access each template, helping prevent mix-ups, like the payroll team sending benefits documents. This structure ensures messaging stays clear, accurate, and compliant.

Final Thoughts

Workday Help has capabilities that many organizations have yet to leverage fully. By taking advantage of:

  • Business process case creation for automation
  • Email ingestion for flexible access
  • Message templates for faster replies

…you can streamline service operations and deliver a better support experience to your workforce.

If you’re currently managing follow-up tasks through email or off-platform systems, these features offer a direct path to improvement, with minimal effort and maximum ROI.

Want to learn how to implement these strategies in your own Workday tenant?
Reach out to your Intecrowd ACC or contact success@intecrowd.com.

Intecrowd Launches Journal Line Reclassification App to Enhance Financial Accuracy and Efficiency in Workday

Empowering Managers, Streamlining Approvals, and Enhancing Talent Growth

Intecrowd, a leading Workday Services partner, has introduced the Journal Line Reclassification App, now available on the Workday Marketplace. This innovative solution is designed to streamline financial processes by enabling seamless journal line corrections and reclassifications directly within Workday.

Transforming Financial Operations with Automated Reclassification

Managing and adjusting journal entries can be time-consuming and prone to errors. Intecrowd’s Journal Line Reclassification App simplifies this process by allowing bulk updates, automated adjustments, and intelligent search capabilities. Organizations can now ensure financial records remain accurate and aligned while reducing manual efforts and administrative workload.

Key Features & Benefits:

  • Bulk Reclassification & Automated Adjustments – Edit, correct, or split journal lines efficiently, updating worktags across multiple entries in just a few clicks.
  • Faceted Search for Precision – Easily locate journal lines matching specific criteria across multiple transactions.
  • Save Time & Reduce Costs – Automate manual processes, minimize errors, and accelerate financial close cycles.

Proven Business Impact

Early adopters of the Journal Line Reclassification App have experienced significant operational improvements. One customer reported saving $1 million annually while reducing support tickets by 75% within 75 days of implementation.

“Intecrowd’s Journal Line Reclassification App is a game-changer for finance teams looking to optimize efficiency and accuracy in Workday, said Don McDougal, CEO at Intecrowd. “By automating journal reclassification, businesses can shift their focus from administrative tasks to strategic financial planning.”

Availability and Next Steps

The Journal Line Reclassification app is now available in the Workday Marketplace.

Contact us to learn more or request a demo.

March Spotlight Series: Workday Journeys: Enhancements and Future Developments

New Journey Templates for Enhanced Employee Experience

As Workday continues to refine its platform, new journey templates have been introduced under the Resources tab. These templates serve as excellent starting points for organizations to design and implement use cases that align with their employees’ needs. The latest additions include:

  • Job Transition
  • Relocation
  • Fueling Your Career

Workday plans to expand these templates based on customer feedback, ensuring more comprehensive solutions that guide employees through various career experiences. Additionally, users can access the “What’s New” report under the Resources tab to stay informed about upcoming features and enhancements.

Upcoming Features in Workday Journeys

Looking ahead, Workday Journeys is set to introduce several exciting features in 2025, with no fixed release dates but ongoing development. Workday follows a continuous deployment cycle, meaning new features can be released before major updates like R1 or R2. Here are the anticipated enhancements:

Discoverable Self-Service Journeys

This feature will allow organizations to publish specific journeys, making them accessible in a library where employees can launch them independently. Examples of self-service journeys include:

  • Deep dive into benefits
  • Parental leave guidance
  • Career planning support

With integrated journey metrics, organizations can analyze employee interactions and refine their self-service offerings accordingly.

Custom Journey Templates

Currently, Workday provides predefined templates for various use cases. The upcoming enhancement will enable organizations to create standardized journey templates tailored to their specific branding and structural needs. This will streamline journey creation while ensuring consistency across different regions and teams. For example, organizations can create a branded template for annual open enrollment that can be adapted for different geographic locations.

Journeys About Field

Also known as “support journeys,” this feature aims to improve contextual clarity by associating journeys with specific individuals. For instance:

  • A manager receiving a journey when a direct report is promoted
  • Onboarding journeys assigned to multiple employees with clear distinctions

Currently, there’s no way to specify whom a journey is about, but this enhancement will resolve that by linking journeys directly to the relevant individuals.

AI-Powered Translations

Workday is integrating AI-driven translations across its platform, including Journeys and Workday Help. This feature will allow organizations to:

  • Quickly translate journey content into multiple languages
  • Manage translations within the workspace
  • Reduce the time spent on manual translation efforts

While these features are not yet available, they are expected to roll out in the near future. Users can monitor the “What’s New” report for updates.

Common and Impactful Use Cases for Workday Journeys

Many organizations leverage Workday Journeys to enhance employee experiences. The most common and impactful use cases include:

  • Onboarding: Providing new hires with structured guidance
  • Open Enrollment: Assisting employees in navigating benefits selection
  • Annual Performance Reviews: Ensuring employees complete required assessments
  • Leave of Absence Support: Helping employees understand and manage their leave
  • Promotions and Career Growth: Offering resources and training for newly promoted employees

Future Enhancements to Notifications and Onboarding Plans

Push Email Notifications for Journey Business Processes

Currently, there is no feature that allows custom email notifications for the Distribute Journey business process. The best practice remains using custom reports and alerts. However, this could be a potential enhancement in future releases.

Integration with Onboarding Plans

With the recent release of onboarding plans, there is currently no direct integration with Workday Journeys. However, Workday has targeted R2 of 2025 for this integration, which will enable organizations to include Journeys or specific Journey steps within onboarding plans.

Journey Updates and Distribution Timing

It’s important to note that once a Journey is distributed to an employee, any updates made to the Journey afterward will not be reflected for that individual. They will only see the content that was originally included at the time of distribution. If a new step or step group is added, it will only appear in future distributions of the Journey and not for employees who have already received it.

This means that while organizations can continuously update and refine their Journeys within a workspace, employees will only experience the version of the Journey available at the moment it was sent to them.

Final Thoughts

Workday Journeys continues to evolve, providing organizations with powerful tools to enhance employee engagement and streamline workforce transitions. As new features roll out, organizations should stay informed and leverage the “What’s New” report to maximize the benefits of these enhancements.

For any additional questions or support, please reach out to your Intecrowd ACC or ICSM, or contact us at success@intecrowd.com.

February Spotlight Series: Built on Workday vs. Workday Extend: Which One Is Right for You?

Understanding the Key Differences

Workday Extend allows companies to build fully custom applications tailored to their unique business needs. It provides flexibility for organizations that require specialized solutions beyond Workday’s standard functionality. Built on Workday, on the other hand, offers pre-built applications developed by Workday partners, which Workday can distribute across multiple customer tenants. These apps do not require an Extend license, as the runtime is included in the subscription.

Configurability and Limitations

Built on Workday apps are configurable but not fully customizable. Users can adjust settings within the parameters provided by the developer but do not have access to the source code or Extend tools. This makes them similar to Workday’s delivered connectors or integrations—adaptable but not modifiable. In contrast, Workday Extend offers complete flexibility to create applications from scratch, giving organizations control over the design, data models, and functionality.

Subscription and Deployment Process

Built on Workday apps are licensed on an annual subscription basis, and customers contract directly with the app developer (such as Intecrowd). The developer notifies Workday to install and deploy the app. Configuration can be handled by the customer, the developer, or third-party consultants. The Extend runtime is included, eliminating additional licensing costs. Workday Extend applications, however, require an active Extend license, and customers are responsible for building, maintaining, and updating their applications.

Intecrowd’s Built on Workday Apps

Intecrowd has developed and successfully deployed three Built on Workday applications:

  • Journal Line Reclassification: Automates updating and reclassifying journal lines, reducing manual work and improving financial accuracy.
  • Promotion Nomination: Streamlines bulk nominations, reviews, and approvals for promotions, making the process more efficient.
  • AI Translation Generator: This award-winning app, built in just one day during a Workday Hackathon, translates Workday tenant data into multiple languages using AI, eliminating the need for external translation services.

Choosing Between Built on Workday and Workday Extend

The decision between Built on Workday and Workday Extend depends on your organization’s needs:

  • Choose Built on Workday if:
    • A pre-built app meets your requirements.
    • You want a cost-effective, quickly deployable solution.
    • You prefer Workday-vetted applications with ongoing updates.
  • Choose Workday Extend if:
  • You need a fully custom solution tailored to unique processes.
  • You require access to Extend tools and customization capabilities.
  • Your organization has development resources to build and maintain apps.

Many organizations may use a combination of both approaches—leveraging Built on Workday apps where possible while utilizing Workday Extend for highly specialized use cases.

Exploring Built on Workday Apps

For organizations interested in Built on Workday solutions, the Workday App Marketplace is the best place to explore available apps. This platform provides visibility into partner-developed solutions, helping customers find applications that align with their business needs.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between Built on Workday and Workday Extend empowers organizations to make informed decisions about their Workday ecosystem. Whether leveraging pre-built solutions or developing custom applications, both approaches offer unique benefits that enhance Workday’s capabilities. To watch our recent webinar on this topic, click here.

To learn more or speak with one of our experts, contact us at success@intecrowd.com.

Intecrowd unveils new award-winning Workday data translation app, transforms translation data management for Workday customers

AI Translation Generator app

Automates Workday Data Translations, Boosts Efficiency and Accuracy for Global Organizations

Intecrowd, a leading Workday Services partner, launched “AI Translation Generator,” a groundbreaking, new AI-driven data translation app that automates the translation of Workday tenant data. Designed to save time, reduce costs, and improve accuracy, the award-winning AI Translation Generator is an innovative industry tool that has already set Workday records, becoming the fastest-approved Built on Workday (BoW) app and earning a prominent spot in the Workday Marketplace.

Streamlining Translation Operations for Workday Customers

The AI Translation Generator app empowers Workday customers to manage translation data more efficiently by eliminating the need for manual translation efforts or costly external services. The app seamlessly translates customer-specific tenant data, including job titles, organizational and role data, worker records, job descriptions, and more, into up to 75 different languages. AI Translation Generator ensures that global Workday users can access key information in their preferred language(s) without compromising data integrity.

Key benefits of AI Translation Generator include:

  • Streamline Translations – Convert Workday data into up to 75 languages in minutes – record time with AI-driven automation
  • Reduce Costs – Eliminate reliance on expensive third-party translation services, driving significant savings
  • Boost Accuracy – Leverage advanced AI algorithms to ensure precise, contextually relevant translations

Addressing a Crucial Market Need

As global organizations increasingly operate across borders, the demand for efficient and accurate translation data management solutions has skyrocketed. According to recent industry reports, ineffective translation processes annually cost businesses billions of dollars. Intecrowd’s AI Translation Generator app bridges the gap by providing a scalable, cost-effective solution tailored to Workday customers.

Availability and Next Steps

The AI Translation Generator app is now available in the Workday Marketplace, providing organizations with immediate access to its powerful features.

Contact us to learn more or request a demo.

About Intecrowd

Intecrowd is a premier Workday-only services partner, delivering strategic deployment, optimization, and full life-cycle support through a global team spanning 10 countries to organizations worldwide. With tailored solutions and expert guidance, Intecrowd supports more than 1,000 Workday customers to maximize their Workday investments. For more than a decade, Intecrowd has operated with the mindset of a boutique firm, while offering enterprise-level expertise in Workday deployments, Phase X implementations, AI-driven innovations, and ongoing system optimization.